Alzheimer's changes memory and thinking over time. If you notice more than normal forgetfulness—repeating questions, getting lost in familiar places, or sudden mood shifts—this page gives clear steps to help now. You’ll find what to watch for, how doctors check for it, treatment options, and simple ways to make daily life safer and calmer.
Not every slip-up is Alzheimer's. The red flags are trouble managing daily tasks, difficulty following conversations, or personality changes that affect relationships. If these interfere with work, finances, or self-care, see a primary care doctor and ask for a cognitive screen. Bring examples: dates missed, bills unpaid, or times someone got lost. Early diagnosis gives options—starting medicines sooner, planning legal and financial matters, and joining trials if you want.
There’s no cure yet, but some drugs help with symptoms. Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) can help memory and thinking in early to middle stages. Memantine is used in moderate to severe stages. Side effects include nausea, sleep changes, or dizziness—talk with your doctor and pharmacist about interactions with other meds.
Daily routines and the environment can make a big difference. Use written notes and a visible calendar, label cupboards, keep keys and phones in one place, and keep a regular schedule for meals and sleep. Good lighting and decluttered rooms reduce confusion. For wandering, consider door alarms, ID bracelets, or GPS trackers after weighing privacy and safety.
Behavior changes often come from unmet needs. If someone becomes agitated, check for pain, hunger, thirst, or discomfort first. Simple fixes—short walks, a favorite song, or a quiet spot—can calm many situations without new drugs. When medication is considered for behavior, always review risks and aim for the lowest effective dose.
Caregivers need support too. Share duties, accept help, and use respite services. Join local support groups or online communities to swap tips and avoid isolation. Start legal planning early: durable power of attorney, advance healthcare directives, and a clear list of medications and doctors. Documenting wishes while the person can still decide makes later choices easier.
Ask your doctor about tests: blood work, brain imaging like MRI, and cognitive testing. Specialty centers may offer PET scans or spinal fluid tests when needed. Clinical trials are active—if you’re interested, ask about eligibility or check trusted registries. When reading online, stick to sources that cite studies and avoid miracle cures. Ask your pharmacist before taking supplements; some interfere with prescription drugs.
Small lifestyle steps help overall brain health: regular walking, a Mediterranean-style diet, good sleep, quitting smoking, and mental activities like learning or puzzles. These won’t stop Alzheimer’s for everyone, but they can improve quality of life and slow decline for some people. Start with one or two changes and build from there.
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